​Classen DC, Evans RS, Pestotnik SL, Horn SD, Menlove RL, Burke JP.  The timing of prophylactic administration of antibiotics and the risk of surgical-wound infection. New England Journal of Medicine. 1992;326(5):281-286.

This study is a retrospective medical record review of 2,847 patients having had clean or clean-contaminated inpatient elective procedures during a 12-month period in 1985-1986 at a 540-bed teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Utah.  The objective of the study was to examine how variations in the timing of prophylactic antibiotics affect the occurrence of surgical wound infections in clinical practice.

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