​Balas EA, Boren SA. Managing clinical knowledge for health care improvement. In: Bemmel J, McCray AT, editors. Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2000: Patient-Centered Systems. Stuttgart, Germany: Schattauer Verlagsgesellschaft mbH; 2000:65-70.

The authors assess the growth in clinical research studies coupled with a slow rate of adoption, often taking an average of 17 years for new evidence-based findings to reach clinical practice. Some issues discussed include the need for a more efficient information infrastructure to better connect front-line professionals with the research community, difficulties in translating research into practice, and an inadequate system to help health care clinicians evaluate the strength of new study findings.