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Browse our Explore by Interest Topics:


Pressure Ulcer Prevention

 

 
 

 

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Core Processes​ Infection Prevention: Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection​ Medication Reconciliation (Prevent Adverse Drug Events)
Central Line Bundle Pressure Ulcer Prevention​
Falls Prevention Rapid Response Systems
Governance and Improvement Surgical Safety Checklist
Hand Hygiene Surgical Complications​
Heart Failure Core Processes Venous Thromboembolus (VTE)
High-Alert Medication Safety Ventilator Bundle​
Infection Prevention: MRSA
 

 

 


 

Use this table to quickly find a mentor for the prevention of pressure ulcers with demographics similar to your own, or use 'ctrl+f' in your web browser to search for specific key words on this page.

 

 

Name Location Teaching Urban / Rural Pediatric Bed Size
Baystate Medical Center Springfield, MA Teaching Urban no 636
Claxton-Hepburn Medical Center Ogdensburg, NY no Rural no 129
Hazleton General Hospital Hazleton, PA no Urban no 150
Holy Spirit Hospital Camp Hill, PA no Urban no 320
Morristown Memorial Hospital Morristown, NJ Teaching Urban no 588
The Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE Teaching Urban no 548
OSF Saint Francis Medical Center Peoria, IL Teaching Urban no 710
Onslow Memorial Hospital Jacksonville, NC no Rural no 162
Owensboro Medical Health System Owensboro, KY no Rural no 400
Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital at Rahway Rahway, NJ no Urban no 275
Sherman Health Elgin, IL no Urban no 250
Trinitas Regional Medical Center Elizabeth, NJ Teaching Urban no 341

 

 

Baystate Medical Center – Springfield, MA
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds: 636
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Teaching
Setting: Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: January 1995
Mentor Contact Name: Stephanie Calcasola

Mentor Contact Email: Stephanie.Calcasola@baystatehealth.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 413-794-2531

 

Additional Information:

 

Sustained assessment completion on admission rates = 100%

 

Pressure relief surface use = 100%
 
Sustained assessment completion on admission rates = 100% as detailed through our EMR which drives the task

 

Current rate of hospital-acquired wound care rate is less than 0.05% /1000 patient days (well below comparative benchmarks of NDNQI 4.1 and state of MA patient carelink of 1.9% for med surg and 6.9% for critical care units).

 

Rates over last 3-5 years have been at zero or near zero rates.  We are lowest rate of HAPU in Massachusetts as per Patient Safety Safety Site.

 

See graphs of Baystate’s results and more details in this slide presentation.

 

We developed and implemented reliable processes/systems/interventions to assess skin integrity using an objective standardized tool (Braden Scale) for all patients on admission and regularly after that (every 24 hours and as needed in higher risk patients).  Daily skin observation is done by all clinicians in contact with the patient.  Pressure relief surfaces/mattresses were put in place in 1995 on all nursing units and in the Operating Rooms.  Daily surface use observation/checks by all staff results in 100% of the surfaces in place and on at all times as preventative strategies.  In addition, BMC has had wound care guidelines in place since 1990 for prevention and treatment recommendations based on the evidence and supported by certified wound care clinicians and mid-level providers.

 

Mentor designation - 3/13/07
Information updated - 6/10/11

 

 

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Claxton-Hepburn Medical Center - Ogdensburg, NY
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds: 129
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Non-Teaching
Setting: Rural
Start Date of Intervention Work: January 2004
Mentor Contact Name: Karen Cole, RN, BSN, CDE, WOCN
Mentor Contact Email: kcole@chmed.org 
Mentor Contact Phone: 315-393-3600 ext. 5337

 

 

Additional Information:


The Braden at-risk assessment is completed on admission and every 12 hours. The screen to complete is automatically added to the care plan and compliance is not an issue. In 2012, we are working with the Emergency Department to complete this on patients who are being admitted to earlier identify patients who need pressure ulcer prevention measures.

Our intensive care unit has 100% pressure redistribution beds; acute Rehab Unit has about 50% and Med/Surg 50%. The nurse manager has budgeted for additional pressure redistribution mattresses for 2012 and plans to work towards all beds having pressure redistribution mattresses over the next 5 years.

See raw data and prevalence rate info.


Top five factors contributing to the success of our pressure ulcer prevention strategies:


1. Materials management supervisor who puts the patient above profit: Over the last three years, we have been able to make all of our beds in the intensive care unit pressure redistributing mattresses and have added 5-10 new pressure redistribution mattresses and pumps in our med/surg units and Acute Rehab unit. Devices for off-loading heels and gel cushions for chairs have been purchased and staff always have enough pillows to position patients.

2. Administative support: Senior management has supported staff to use rental services for specialized mattresses as needed and supported the role of the certified WOCN to provide education and monitor effectiveness of processes.

3. Physicians have become involved in the process and are assessing skin breakdown and have increased their knowledge base for its prevention and treatment. Having a wound care center has increase the number of physicians who are knowledgeable about modern wound care treatments and they have provided grand rounds for the physicians on pressure ulcer prevention and management.

4. Direct care staff has a low turnover rate and many of them have come from Nursing Home backgrounds and their awareness of pressure ulcer prevention is high.

5. Having a WOCN on staff dedicated to the tracking and management of pressure uclers that is located on the medical surgical unit allows for accessiblity for evaluations early in the admission process or during the hospital stay to initiate or evaluate treatment and prevention strategies.


With the increase in awareness of pressure ulcer prevention, the process has now come to involve all levels of staff from the physician, nursing staff and support staff and these staff members are now involving family members in the process. 
 
Explanations for turning schedules and off-loading are part of daily care. Families are now more aware of the processes and are more involved with staff in accomplishing these goals. Changes in documentation support patient and family education and are included in the pressure ulcer prevention protocols. Most of our skin breakdown has been identified to have occurred with patients on hospice and so we will include family education in this group in our goals for 2012.

 

All patients have the Braden Risk Scale completed on admission and every 12 hours thereafter.  New flow chart documention now allows the nurse to see this information over a course of days allowing for easier identification of changes in status.  Changes in documentation now also allows the WOCN to view all patients on the units risk on one screen.

 

All beds in the ICU now have a pressure redistribution mattress with pumps.  Over the last 3 years, 20 beds with pressure redistribution mattresses have been placed on our med/surg and acute rehab units, including one that is suitable for bariatric patients.  Off loading of heels has become routine for all bed-ridden patients.

100% of patients admitted to ICU, ARU, and med/surg had Braden Scores completed on admission and daily.

 

With the increase in awareness of pressure ulcer prevention, the process has now come to involve all levels of staff from the physician, nursing staff and support staff and these staff members are now involving family members in the process. 

 

Explanations for turning schedules and off-loading are part of daily care.  Families are more aware of the processes and are more involved with staff in accomplishing these goals.  Changes in documentation support patient and family education and are included in the pressure ulcer prevention protocols.

 

Mentor designation - 7/7/07
Information updated - 4/10/12

 

 

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Hazleton General Hospital – Hazleton, PA
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds: 150
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Non-Teaching
Setting: Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: May 2004
Mentor Contact Name:  Andrea Andrews, RN, Director of Quality/Case Management
Mentor Contact Email: aandrews@ghha.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 570-501-4744

 

Additional Information:

Keys to success:

 

Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Skin and Wound Team has been instrumental in helping Hazleton General achieve success.  Members of the team include RNs, LPNs, dieticians, physical therapists, home care RNs, medical staff, and our Wound Ostomy Nurse chairs the meeting.  Each nursing unit has an RN or LPN on the team.  These nurses have been trained by the Wound Ostomy Nurse to act as a resource person on each unit, deal with questions, and offer pressure ulcer prevention strategies and consultation on skin and wound care.  All staff nurses have been educated, but these resource nurses receive additional monthly education and feedback regarding their unit PI measures.  These resource nurses and the Wound Ostomy Nurse also then share information with the staff on the units.

 

Our certified Wound Ostomy Nurse offers mentoring, guidance, and consultation for staff in addition to direct patient care.

 

Staff buy-in, administrative support, and physician involvement were also keys to our success, as well as collaboration with ancilllary departments.


Key Challenges:

 

Elderly population - Our wound and ostomy nurse communicates with skilled nursing facilities when patients are admitted to try to maintain similar wound care, unless otherwise indicated.

 

Have mainly RNs and LPNs do the turning and repositioning of these compromised patients.

 

If a patient is at risk for pressure ulcers with a Braden scale of 18 or less, the staff addresses skin integrity issues on the plan of care.  Nursing interventions include inspection of skin, every shift, proper management of moisture and cleansing of skin, nutritional iterventions, turning and repositioning every 2 hours, use of support surfaces as indicated, and heels elevated from bed surface while in bed.

 

If a patient does have a pressure ulcer on admission, correct wound care is ordered as based on wound assessment.

The wound and ostomy nurse is consulted on all patients at risk for pressure ulcers on admission.  The patient is screened to assure correct interventions are in place and ongoing. The wound and ostomy nurse also assesses and recommends wound care on all patients admitted with pressure ulcers.

 

All patients receive pressure ulcer admission assessment, utilizing the Braden scale.  This is also assessed on every shift.  If a pressure ulcer is present on admission, wound photos are taken with measurements documented.  Wound and skin assessments are done each shift.

 

If a patient is noted to be at risk for pressure ulcers, skin integrity is addressed on the plan of care.  Interventions for the at-risk patient include the following five components: 1) Daily inspection of skin for pressure ulcers; 2) Proper management of moisture, including both cleaning and moisturizing skin; 3) Optimization of nutrition; 4) Repositioning every two hours; and 5) Use of pressure-relieving surfaces.  However, skin inspection is done on every shift as opposed to daily. 

Percent of Patients Receiving Daily Pressure Ulcer Risk Reassessment:
100% of the patients receive pressure ulcer risk reassessments - this is done on every shift.

Pressure Ulcer Incidence:
Our facility uses the International Benchmarks set during HillRom's Annual Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Study. We report Facility Acquired Pressure Ulcer Prevalence in place of Incidence. In 2011, our Facility Acquired Pressure Ulcer Prevalence ranged from 1% - 3%. (This compares to a range of ​2% - 5% in 2010.) The benchmark is 5%.

 

Pressure Ulcer Prevalence:

First Pressure Ulcer Prevalence study was done in 2004. Our prevalence rate was 25%.  Our facility-acquired prevalence was 19%.  We took serious steps towards improving these rates, including mattress replacements, education on nursing assessment - especially the initial assessment - changed the risk assessment scale from Norton to Braden, and had monthly education inservices on all topics of wound and skin care.

 

We have been consistently below the national benchmark of 5% for facility-acquired prevalence since the second quarter of 2005.

 

In 2011, our Pressure Ulcer Prevalence has ranged from 6% - 10%. (This compares to a range of ranged from 9% - 19% in 2010.) The International Benchmark based on HillRom's Annual Pressure Ulcer Prevalence study is 12%. Our facility serves a population which is largely elderly, and this accounts for the higher than average prevalence rate which we see at times.

If pressure ulcer prevalence is diligently followed, the financial impact is from not having to expend more resources in caring for these patients since you are following them from admission on through discharge. Our goal at Hazleton General Hospital is the prevention of pressure ulcers.


Mentor designation - 9/23/08
Information updated - 2/13/12

 

 

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Holy Spirit Hospital — Camp Hill, PA
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Staffed Beds: 320
Teaching/Non-Teaching Status:  Non-Teaching
Setting:  Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: August 2007
Mentor Contact Name: Leona S. Mlynek, MSN, RN, Wound Care Coordinator
Mentor Contact Email: lmlynek@hsh.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 717-763-2428

 

Additional Information:

 

Percent of Patients Receiving Pressure Ulcer Admission Assessment:  Data is collected on a quarterly basis. Our goal of 100% has been maintained for this past year.  There had been one unit on which we had seen a pattern in missing a few Braden scores on admission.  When we investigated, we discovered the problem had to do with when the admission was completed (post-op very critical patients).  Staff was educated and the problem has resolved.

 

Percent of At-Risk Patients Receiving Full Pressure Ulcer Preventative Care:  Our goal has been 100%.  Within the last year, all patients at risk have received preventative care 100% of the time according to the data collected.  Availability of products on each unit has assisted with maintaining compliance with this goal.  For the last year or so we have been stocking  static air mattresses on the units instead of staff having to call Central Supply and wait for them to be sent.  They are now able to place an air mattress on the bed as patients are admitted or become at risk.  This goes along with our ongoing program of having other products stocked on the units i.e., incontinence care, repositioning aids.

 

Percent of Patients Receiving Daily Pressure Ulcer Risk Reassessment:  Our goal has been 100%.  Again, this data has been collected on a quarterly basis and our goal has been maintained at 100%.  To do this reliably, the units assign a certain shift to complete the daily risk assessment.  Some units do it during days, some evenings, some nights.  This seems to be working well.

 

Pressure Ulcer Incidence per 100 admissions:  Our initial goal of 0.6% has been maintained.  Average for the year is 0.58%.  Never seems to be a straight line some months up, some down, but better than the previous year.

 

Pressure Ulcer per 1000 patient days: Our goal was 1.2%.  The monthly average last year was 1.25%.

 

Financial benefits can be seen in decreased costa related to treatments, equipment, length of stays, nursing time, etc. for each pressure ulcer that is prevented. 

 

Patient and family is included in the plan of care for patients who are at risk and are told what and why things are being done.  This has opened communication and helps to develop the nurse and patient/family relationship.
 
The Wound Care Team has continued to provide individual units with education to fit their needs.  Some units have chosen to use hospital-acquired pressure ulcers as a quarterly benchmark and have developed additional interventions to accomplish their goal for their unit.   This has worked very well on those units that have done this - better patient outcomes and higher satisfaction rates.

 

The Pressure Ulcer Prevention Program was revamped in July 2007, piloted and then going hospital-wide in November of 2008.  The staff has done consistently well with maintaining compliance with the programs. New staff get educated during orientation and education is provided by the Wound Care Team or Stage Crew Team Member on an ongoing as need basis.  We had few staff compliance issues in 2009 when our computer charting went live and when there was an update in the system that added another piece to learn.  

 

Identifying potential areas for improvement by using the Plan Do Study ACT (PDSA) model, we established a multidisciplinary team.  The Pressure Relievers multidisciplinary team developed goals and implemented strategies and evidence-based initiatives to met the goals that were set using PDSA.
 
A Med/Surg Telemetry unit was used to pilot our program for a two-month period. 
 
Outcomes were monitored and evaluated.  The program was then implemented hospital wide.
 
Strategies included:
 
Obtaining approval from the Value Analysis Committee to change to more cost-effective and efficient disposable pads, barrier ointment.
 
Skin care supplies, chair cushions, and disposable pads were made easily accessible to staff.  After upgrading to a more effective barrier ointment, we made it accessible through each units’ med-select.  Instead of requiring staff to call Central for disposable pads, we now put them in all the units’ clean utility room closets.  Staff also no longer need to call Central for one of the few chair cushions that used to be available.  After the team evaluated different cushions, we decided that each unit should order the number needed for their patient population and keep them in their unit's clean utility room closets.  With the implementation of these strategies, we found that we had a decreased use in products such as attends/depends, barrier ointment and disposable pads.
 
Nursing-initiated Pressure Ulcer Prevention therapy was computerized as an order set.  This promoted nursing autonomy and empowerment to address patient's needs.

 

Education of our staff regarding this program was completed through self-learning packets that were given to all members of the nursing staff.

 

Coinciding with our initiative, our Professional Practice Service Council piloted and then implemented every one hour rounding on patients.  This has helped keep patients safe, turned, hydrated with incontinence checks, and bathroom assistance available.

 

Nursing Administration implemented a Lift Team.  They provide coverage on all shifts and assist with lifing and repositioning patients.

 

Mentor designation - 2/23/09
Information updated - 6/23/11

 

 

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Morristown Memorial HospitalMorristown, NJ
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds: 588
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Teaching
Setting: Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: December 2005
Mentor Contact Name: Janet Munoz
Mentor Contact Email: janet.munoz@atlantichealth.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 973-971-4191

 

Additional Information:

 

Keys to our success:

1. Creation of a Pressure Ulcer Subcommittee consisting of two certified wound, ostomy and continence nurses (WOCN), quality and outcomes manager, risk manager, dietician, physician, and a team of unit-based staff nurses specially educated in wound care management - The committtee has developed specific measureable goals and reports outcomes to the Shared Governance Quality Improvement Council.

2. Development and implementation of wound care guidelines using evidenced-based practices from the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society and the AHCPR guidelines -Guidelines were incorporated into the electronic nursing documentation system. The Wound Care Guidelines were revised in 2009-2010 to incorporate the new NPUAP staging guidelines and make them more user-friendly for the staff.

3. Changing the Braden Scale Risk Assessment from weekly to daily - Definition of "patient at risk" was redefined to a score of 18 or below.

4. Development and implementation of wound care competency for professional and non-professional nursing staff -Wound care competency was posted on web-based training. Wound assessment program with a video demonstrating how to measure wounds was developed for staff to complete. In 2010, SWAT teams will test staff's knowledge about wound measurement and assessment.

5. In 2006 -2007, we purchased pressure redistribution surfaces for all medical surgical inpatient beds. In 2008, we purchased intregrated low air loss surfaces for 85% of critical care beds.

6. Development and implementation of system-wide wound, ostomy, and continence intranet site. Updated in 2010.

7. Collaboration between all disciplines on health care team to protect patient's skin - Information about pressure ulcer program is communicated to senior management on a quarterly basis using NDNQI national benchmarks for comparison.

8. Nursing unit action plans are developed based on NDNQI data and implemented with support of nursing manager, chief nursing officer, and chief medical officer.

9. Wound Care Coordinators serve as resources to their peers on the units, assist in data collection, and communicate important information to the staff about wound care. Coordinators help to develop goals and action plans for the hospital and their individual units.

10. Intensive education of the staff including nurses, physicians, residents, nursing assistants, dietary, and physical therapists - All members of the staff educated about new CMS regulations to document pressure ulcers "present on admission" (POA) in medical record. Documentation revised to reflect pressure ulcer POA status, and sticker placed on the chart with pertinent information for physician.

 

A single day point prevalence study is conducted quarterly to measure pressure ulcers.  The data was collected by two certified WOCN nurses and a team of registered nurses who were trained in data collection and skin assessment.

 

Following the data collection, HAPU were reassessed by the WOCN nurse to test data reliability.  There was no statistical difference between pre-interventions and post intervention periods in terms of age, gender ot risk assessment score.

 

The number of HAPU, all stages in period one (fourth quarter 2005 and first quarter 2006) was 11% compared to period two (second quarter 2006 and third quarter 2006) which was 4%. An additional third period reveals continued improvement HAPU all stages, ( 3rd and 4th quarter 2009) was 2.5 %, an overall improvement from first period of 77%. An improvement of 64% was seen in stage I HAPU from 6% (1st period), 2% (2nd period), and 0.9% (3rd period). HAPU stage II or higher dropped from 5% (1st period), 3% (2nd period), and 1.6% (3rd period.) From the 4th quarter 2005 to the 4th quarter 2009 there has been continued maintenance of the initial gains and gradual further improvement.

 

The New Jersey Hospital Association pressure ulcer prevention partnership in which we were involved a few years ago has evolved into the North Central New Jersey Partnership for the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers. The partnership's mission is to deliver high quality, innovative care to those patients who are at risk for the development of pressure ulcers through:

  • Communication of pertinent information between agencies along the continuum of care;
  • Enhancement of interagency networking between wound care professionals;
  • Education of health care teams concerning pressure ulcer prevention, early identification, assessment and management;
  • Community Education 


Mentor designation - 2/14/07
Information updated - 9/08/10

 

 

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The Nebraska Medical Center – Omaha, NE
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds: 548
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Teaching
Setting: Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: January 2004
Mentor Contact Name: Alan Didier, Manager, Burn, HBO & Wound Ostomy Services
Mentor Contact Email: LDidier@NebraskaMed.com
Mentor Contact Phone: 402-552-3442

 

Additional Information:

 

The following results were obtained from 4 skin surveys during calendar year 2010:
 
• Percent of Patients Receiving Pressure Ulcer Admission Assessment = 96.2%

• Proper pressure ulcer admission assessment includes the following two
   components = 96.8%
        1) Assessment of pressure ulcer risk using an agreed-upon risk assessment
            tool = 96.2% 
        2) Skin assessment to identify existing pressure ulcers = 97.4%
 
• Percent of At-Risk Patients Receiving Full Pressure Ulcer Preventative Care 
        1) Daily inspection of skin for pressure ulcers = 98.9%
        2) Proper management of moisture, including both cleaning and moisturizing
            skin = 79.1%  *(Using NDNQI's definition of mositure management,
            documented and observed)
        3) Optimization of nutrition (MD ordered dietary recommendations) = 87.9%
        4) Repositioning every two hours = 79.1% *(Using NDNQI's evidence of being
            repositioned as prescribed - coming solely from documentation )
        5) Use of pressure-relieving surfaces = 93.1%
• Pressure Ulcer Incidence = 0% April 2010. (Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcer Rate =
   2.58%)
• Pressure Ulcer Prevalence = 4.5%
• Patients Receiving Daily Pressure Ulcer Risk Reassessment = 100%
 
The following results were obtained over three skin surveys from April 2009 through October 2009:
 
• Percent of Patients Receiving Pressure Ulcer Admission Assessment = 95.4%
• Proper pressure ulcer admission assessment includes the following two
   components = 95.8%
          1) Assessment of pressure ulcer risk using an agreed-upon risk assessment
              tool = 96.2% 
          2) Skin assessment to identify existing pressure ulcers = 95.4%
• Percent of At-Risk Patients Receiving Full Pressure Ulcer Preventative Care Proper
   pressure ulcer care includes the following five components: See below.
          1) Daily inspection of skin for pressure ulcers = No Data
          2) Proper management of moisture, including both cleaning and moisturizing
              skin = 85.6%
          3) Optimization of nutrition (MD ordered dietary recommendations) = 85.7%
          4) Repositioning every two hours = 88.2% (April 2009)
          5) Use of pressure-relieving surfaces = 93.1%

 

• Pressure Ulcer Incidence = 1.7%
• Pressure Ulcer Prevalence = 5.2%
• Patients Receiving Daily Pressure Ulcer Risk Reassessment = 100%

Decreased organizational hospital-acquired pressure ulcer rates from 9.6% in December 2004.  All of our initiatives were rolled out in January 2006.  Since January 2006, our hospital acquired pressure ulcer rate has averaged less than 3%.  The development of one pressure ulcer can increase the LOS fivefold and increase hospital charges by $2,000 to $11,000 (Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2009).  By decreasing our hospital-acquired pressure ulcer rate, we have provided substantial savings to The Nebraska Medical Center.
 
The Nebraska Medical Center's Skin and Wound Advisory Team (NMC-SWAT) conducts quarterly pressure ulcer prevalence studies to: (1) monitor pressure ulcer prevalence; (2) monitor rates of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers on a quarterly basis and incidence on an annual basis; (3) identify risk factors for pressure ulcer prevention that are amenable to risk-based prevention protocols; (4) examine the care processes involved in pressure ulcer prevention to enhance quality improvement efforts; and (5) maintained sustainable results through rapid cycling of the PDSA improvement model.   Unit specific data are benchmarked against national rates through quarterly reporting to the NDNQI database.
 
Improved/sustained results of nursing documentation of nursing care processes related to skin integrity.
 
Increased awareness throughout the organization related to pressure ulcer prevention.
 
Expanded the role of the wound and ostomy nurse as that of consultant, educator, and mentor.
 
Having a strong multi-disciplinary team with staff nurse participation and adminstrative support.

 

Obtain real-time data via information technology which: (1) monitors for patients admitted with a pressure ulcer; (2) monitors the prevalence of newly developed hospital-acquired pressure ulcers; and (3) monitors various care processes related to pressure ulcer prevention. 

 

The efforts of NMC-SWAT in reducing pressure ulcers has been presented at several conferences throughout the United States.  This has resulted in other hospitals translating our work to improve their pressure ulcer outcomes.

 

Mentor designation - 3/17/07
Information updated - 6/10/11

 

 

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OSF Saint Francis Medical Center—Peoria, IL
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds:  616
Teaching/Non-Teaching Status:  Teaching
Setting:  Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: September 2004
Mentor Contact Name: Bevette Griffin
Mentor Contact Email: Bevette.E.Griffin@osfhealthcare.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 309-655-2659

 

Additional Information:

100% of adult patients are assessed upon admission using the Braden skin risk assessment tool and then again every 24 hours thereafter.  A complete skin assessment is performed daily.

Patients that are identified as at risk according to the Braden Assessment score are automatically put on our skin breakdown prevention protocol.

100% of adult patients are assessed daily.

Pressure Ulcer Incidence:
• Our pressure ulcer rate has gone from a baseline of 9.4% in July 2002 to 1.5% in December 2006.
• We met our target of 4% in March 2005 and remained below our target thru December 2008 when our target was changed to 2%. We have been at or below 2.5% since December 2008.

Pressure Ulcer Prevalence:

  • We currently conduct our prevalence study quarterly.  All patients are assessed.  Our current prevalence is 4.1%  

 

We know that a single pressure ulcer can cost anywhere from $2,000.00 to $40,000.00.  Therefore, prevention of pressure ulcers can save substantial amounts of money.

 

Any patient found to be at risk for a pressure ulcer is given a booklet entitled "Prevention of Pressure Ulcers." This not only educates families, but gets them involved in the prevention strategies.  Families are also included in the assessment and teaching when available.


Keys to our success:

  • We developed an SOS (Save Our Skin) team for every patient care unit.  Each unit has a SOS champion. 
  • Process ownership/accountability was assigned to our hospital skin nurse.  This indicator is placed on the hospital and unit-specific scorecard that is reported and monitored by the professional nursing congress.
  • Initially, our patients were turned every 2 hours when the "Olympic Theme Song" was played over the hospital audio system.  We then changed our music to "Roll Over Beethoven." 
  • Documentation issues were addressed and documentation improved.  Pressure ulcers are reported as “Never Events” to high level committees:  Quality Safety Board, Medical Executive Committee, Professional Staff QI, Nursing Educators and Professional Nursing Congress and up to the Corporate Quality Council.
  • A peer review group reviews all stage III or greater pressure ulcers to determine if the ulcer was avoidable or unavoidable.

 

Mentor designation - 3/13/07
Information updated - 4/18/12

 

 

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Onslow Memorial Hospital – Jacksonville, NC
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds: 162
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Non-Teaching
Setting: Rural
Start Date of Intervention Work: December 2006
Mentor Contact Name: Jo Malfitano MSN, MBA, RN, CPHQ, NE-BC, Performance Improvement & Accreditation Manager
Mentor Contact Email: jo.malfitano@onslow.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 910-577-2549

 

Additional Information:

 

Percent of Patients Receiving Daily Pressure Ulcer Risk Reassessment: 97%
Pressure Ulcer Incidence: Remains at 0%
Pressure Ulcer Prevalence: 15.5%
Patient- and Family Centered Care initiatives:
• We have included a new "video on demand" series regarding wound care called "You Are Not Alone:  Understanding Pressure Ulcers" for the patients and families.
• A handout for pressure ulcer prevention has been revised to be more reader friendly. 
Zero percent incidence in December 2007.  Prevalance and incidence study was a result of each nursing unit remaining greater than 90% compliant with completion of the admission and daily assessments and greater than 95% compliant with institution of all four IHI prevention initiatives addressing moisture, optimizing nutrition/hydration, use of pressure relieving surfaces and repositioning.  In December 2010, the incidence was at zero percent representing a sustained effective wound care prevention program.  Compliance with the program is greater than 98% with completion of daily assessment.
 

Challenges include:
• Frontline buy-in for daily risk assessments
• Compliance with documentation changes
• Accountability for completion of assessment and documentation compliance 
• Sustaining momentum

 

Keys to success:
Incorporating prevalence and incidence studies to identify the scope of our pressure ulcer issue was crucial in identifying a 20% incidence rate in early 2007.  Utilizing our Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse as our skin care champion, we expanded education and training, reformulated admission assessments and daily nursing forms to incoporate daily risk assessment tool (Braden Scale) and identified interventions. 
Unit-to-unit competition recognition and celebration assisted with addressing above mentioned challenges.   Examining data enables us to see which units are champions of compliance for completing admission and daily assessments and then instituting the recommended interventions for those found at risk.  After 6 months of data collection, we hosted a pizza party for the unit with the highest compliance rate (they also had the lowest incidence).  We also wrote an article recognizing them for this accomplishment and published it in our organizational newsletter.  In addition, we have skin care champions appointed for each unit that work closely with our Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse.  The champions as well as the nurse manager for those celebrated units were personally recognized in front of our board and received a gift card to a local restaurant.
 

Mentor designation - 8/15/08
Information updated - 7/21/11

 

 

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Owensboro Medical Health System – Ownesboro, KY
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds: 400
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Non-Teaching
Setting: Rural
Start Date of Intervention Work: March 2004
Mentor Contact Name: Lisa Thompson
Mentor Contact Email: lthompson@omhs.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 270-688-2868 
 
Additional Information:
 
Owensboro Medical Health System has decreased the incidence of pressure ulcers in the acute care inpatient population from a high of 22% in March 2003 to 0% in September 2010. During this period, the incidence in the extended care population decreased from 40% to 0%, and their rate has been 0% for thirteen of the last sixteen incidence studies.  We estimate that more than 1200 ulcers have been prevented since the project began. 
We attribute over $100,000 of hard dollar savings in supplies to the decrease in pressure ulcers.  
 
Keys to success:
Purchased new pressure relieving mattresses
Implemented "Turn Every Two" program that includes turn clocks, pagers, and communication sheets
Adopted and implemented standard assessment method
Developed a wound care plan and guidelines for prevention
Developed flow sheet
Purchased needed equipment and supplies
Implemented intentional hourly rounding
Implemented 4-Eyed Skin Assessment on admission
 
Mentor designation - 3/13/07
Information updated - 7/14/11
 
 
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Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital at Rahway — Rahway, NJ
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds:  275
Teaching/Non-Teaching Status:  Non-Teaching
Setting:  Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: 1999
Mentor Contact Name: Denise Gerhab, RN, BSN, NM, WCC, Inpatient Wound Care Coordinator
Mentor Contact Email: dgerhab@rwjuhr.com
Mentor Contact Phone: 732-499-7158

 

Additional Information:

 

Senior Leadership continues to support the importance of the Skin Care committee in ongoing efforts to prevent/reduce HAPU's. RWJUH at Rahway's Skin Care Committee continues to conduct monthly Prevalence studies, (quarterly Incidence) for submission to NDNQI. Data is collected and shared with the Nurse Manager, who disseminates the information during staff meetings. Skin care meetings are held monthly and the Inpatient Wound Care Coordinator and Chairperson of the Skin Care Committee ensures that the committee receives continuous education on best practices. Presently, the committee is required to complete the NDNQI Pressure Ulcer Training program and submit their "certificate" to the Education Department. (Our goal to have all RN/LPN's complete this program yearly is a work in progress).

 

The Inpatient Wound Care Coordinator role developed over the last 2-1/2 years, continues to evolve and great efforts have been made in holding the admitting nurse accountable for assessing skin at the time of admission.  Understanding the role of skin when damaged has become a priority for our nurses. Identifying "red" areas on the skin, and reporting them to the Wound Care Nurse for additional assessment and appropriate documentation is important. We continue to identify changes in skin by photographing the area with digital camera.  This helps us to establish a plan of care, and allows us to provide skin/wound care.  The HAPU rate of development of sDTI, stage 1 and 2 prU for 2009 was 4.81%, 2010 was 3.53%, and for 1st quarter 2011, is 2.92%, well below the national average.

 

The early part of 2011 was a challenge for us with particular attention paid to the darkly-pigmented skin.  Unfortunately, we were required to report an "unstageable" prU to the state, and as part of the action plan, a "storyboard" and re-education for the nursing staff, including the LPN's and nursing assistants was required at competancy day. Understanding tissue damage occuring in critically ill patients, especially those with dark skin, remains one of this year's improvement goals. The use of "touch and feel," especially over boney prominences, remains highlighted on patients admitted to all areas of the hospital, not just in the ICU's.
 
In November 2010, Seton Hall University's nursing instructor approached RWJUH about increasing the student nurse's awareness of skin care issues.  Research studies show pressure ulcer education in nursing school is still limited. A group of 10 senior students were part of our monthly November Prevalence study, and the students worked with committee members to assess and identify any potential skin problem that might be occurring or was present on admission to the hospital. (The article was presented/published in Advance for Nurses, in December 2010, "Exposing Pressure Ulcers: RWJUH at Rahway teams up with Seton Hall University to tackle pressure ulcers").   Each week, a student would walk a day in the Inpatient Wound Care Coordinators role to see the importance of early identification of potential skin care problems. This program expanded to 2 student nurses being assigned to the Wound Care Coordinator in the Spring 2011 semester. The goal was to educate the students with hands-on experience, and to increase their awareness of potential breakdown, whether it was from prolonged bedrest or if patient was found on the floor at home.

 

Percent of patients receiving pressure ulcer admission assessment:
Last Quarter 2010:  97.4%
First Quarter 2011:  93.4%
 
Percent of at-risk patients receiving full pressure ulcer preventative care:
Last Quarter 2010:  100%
First Quarter 2011:  100%
 
Percent of patients receiving daily pressure ulcer risk reassessment:
Last Quarter 2010:  100%
First Quarter 2011:  100%

 

Pressure ulcer incidence:
2010 total: 3.53% (sDTI, stage 1, stage 2 prU)
First Quarter 2011 total:  2.92% (sDTI, stage 1, stage 2)
 
Pressure ulcer prevalence
2010 total: 14.66%
First Quarter 2011 total: 18.61%

 

In an ongoing effort to be cost effective, the Skin Care Committee voted on eliminating the "overuse" of adult diapers for admitted patients. In 2010, the annual cost of diapers was about $25,000.00. A physician's order is required now for use of adult diapers, and only with extenuating circumstances. We also switched to a less expensive "wick away" incontinence pad, which still provides a "dry" environment, along with barrier creams.  The hospital's goal remains prevention of "skin care issues," including maceration, and skin break due to friction/shear.
 
Our facility will photograph wounds on admission to the Emergency Department or with any direct admission in order to track wounds present on admission, and to share with family members wound care options and wound progress. Many family members are not knowledgable about pressure ulcers present on admission. Using the photograph to explain the prU progress helps them understand what is in the patient's best interest.

 

Mentor designation - 12/6/07
Information updated - 8/1/11 

 

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Sherman Health – Elgin, IL
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Staffed Beds: 255
Teaching / Non-Teaching Status: Non-Teaching
Setting: Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: February 2007
Mentor Contact Name: Catherine Munoz
Mentor Contact Email: catherine.munoz@shermanhospital.org
Mentor Contact Phone: 224-783-8180

 

Additional Information:


At Sherman Health, we put a focus on reducing pressure ulcers by setting this goal as an operating plan initiative for our quality pillar. Additionally, once we achieved yearly results at or better than the national benchmark, we set an annual goal of 0%.
The Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcer initiative gained visibility by making it a strategic goal, aligning its performance with individual leader goals, putting resources and a bi-weekly steering team into place, making this intervention a standing agenda item on all unit meetings, posting results under quality pillar in all department communication boards. Currently, we continue to do monthly housewide incidence and prevalence surveys, reporting results to nursing leadership. Each unit champion and leader conduct fall out report and share at monthly skin champion meeting.

Current data on Percent of Patients Receiving Pressure Ulcer Admission Assessment:
4th Quarter 2011
1) % with risk assessment on admission = 99.42%
2) % with skin assessment on admission = 98.7%

Current data on Percent of At-Risk Patients Receiving Full Pressure Ulcer Preventative Care Proper pressure ulcer care:
4th Quarter 2011
1) % receiving daily skin inspection = 98.3%
2) % receiving proper moisture management = 86.5%
3) % receiving nutrition optimization = 86.8%
4) % receiving repositioning every 2 hours = 81.6%
5) % on pressure relieving surfaces = 98.3%

Current data on Percent of Patients Receiving Daily Pressure Ulcer Risk Reassessment: (risk assessmentdone in past 24 hours)
4th Quarter 2011 = 90.5%

Current data on Pressure Ulcer Prevalence:
FY 2007 (May 2006 - April 2007) HAPU Rate = 12.0%
FY 2008 (May 2007 - April 2008) HAPU Rate = 4.5%
FY 2009 (May 2008 - April 2009) HAPU Rate = 5.3%
FY 2010 (May 2009 - April 2010) HAPU Rate = 2.0%
FY 2011 (May 2010 - April 2011) HAPU Rate = 1.8%
FY 2012 (May 2011 - April 2012) HAPU Rate = 0.6%

 


Top 5 factors that contributed to our success:


1) Made Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers (HAPU) and operating plan goal for the organization.  This created urgency and awareness of our HAPU practices initially
 
2) Educated staff and strengthened skills competency initially and annually
 
3) Tools/resources available:

o Bed settings
o Float heels/boots
o Gel pads in OR
o Special beds as needed
o EZ Wrap for nasal cannulas
o EMR task reminders

4) Hardwiring of hourly rounding - Nurse asking/doing 3P's (pain, position, potty). In addition, the inpatient nursing units use a number of different strategies to "hardwire" hourly rounding, including initial training, creating hourly rounding champions, validation by managers of hourly rounding logs being completed (determining hourly rounding percentages daily), observation, making hourly rounding a permanent section on patient’s white board, and otherwise continuing to reinforce its importance.
 
5) Empowering skin champion team: Each unit has a designated skin champion who does monthly prevalence study. Each unit was asked to select an RN who has a passion for skin integrity who will dedicate one day a month to doing pressure ulcer surveillance. The champions have a brief meeting before and after to go over the data and trends they are seeing. They became so passionate that they naturally wanted to talk to their other peers from their units about the data, what they are seeing, etc. They serve as a natural mentor for their units.

Skin champs empowered to drill into the "fallout" and analyze what happened if pressure ulcer was found, report out at department meetings, create education tools, and serve as owner and mentor of HAPU practice on unit.


Mentor designation - 5/1/08
Information updated - 4/25/12

 

 

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Trinitas Regional Medical Center — Elizabeth, NJ
Availability Status: Available to answer requests
Licensed Beds:  341
Teaching/Non-Teaching Status:  Teaching
Setting:  Urban
Start Date of Intervention Work: September 2005
Mentor Contact Name: Caterina Tenore, RN, MSN, CWOCN
Mentor Contact Email: ctenore@trinitas.org
Mentor Contact Phone: (908) 994-5149

 

Additional Information:

 

In September 2005, our overall compliance with the best practice "bundle" components was 70%.  Our rate for implementing "strategies" (standardized skin care products, protein supplements, etc. as detailed below) was 12%.  By July 2007, our overall bundle compliance was 88% and our rate for implementing additional strategies was 74%.  Through September 2009, we have consistently implemented the best practice bundle in all nursing areas.  We monitor compliance by random sampling in each unit and our overall compliance with the best practice bundle components is presently 95%. 

Quarterly prevalence studies are conducted by our PUPI (Pressure Ulcer Prevention Initiative) Team to monitor the success of each unit and provide peer to peer feedback and support at the staff level.  In September 2010, our facility acquired incidence without stage I was 1.9%.
Current data (2010): 100% of Patients Receiving Daily Pressure Ulcer Risk Reassessment
Current data (4th quarter): 14.2% on Pressure Ulcer Prevalence
Current data (4th quarter 2010): 7.1% on Pressure Ulcer Incidence
Current data (4th quarter 2010): Facility Acquired Without Stage I is 3.5%
 
Trinitas Hospital’s participation in the New Jersey Hospital Association Pressure Ulcer Collaborative focused our efforts to minimize pressure ulcers in our patients.  Our interdisciplinary team collaborated to implement "strategies" that included supply chain improvements to standardize skin care products, a standardized method of providing protein supplements to at-risk patients, and purchasing and using equipment (turning wedges, new beds with specially designed surfaces) to aid pressure re-distribution.
In addition to this, we monitored our compliance with the "bundle" of best practices identified by the NJHA Pressure Ulcer Collaborative, and made these practices our standard of care.  The bundle includes a skin assessment within 8 hours of admission, a risk assessment (Braden Score) within 8 hours of admission, a daily skin re-assessment, a nutritional assessment for at-risk patients within 48 hours, implementation of appropriate pressure ulcer prevention strategies in at-risk patients within 24 hours and evidence of repositioning every 2 hours for at-risk patients.  Monitoring these elements focused our improvement efforts and showed gaps in equipment, supplies and documentation that needed attention.
 
Ongoing efforts include the development of a Pressure Ulcer Prevention Initiative (PUPI) Team of staff nurses from each unit who participate in learning sessions and work with our Advance Practice and Wound Ostomy Continence Nurse to conduct quarterly prevalence studies and to monitor compliance with the bundle of best practices on their own units.  We have also incorporated a daily risk assessment by adding the Braden Score to the computerized nursing charting system.  Qualitative advances included a standardized method of providing protein supplements to at-risk patients, supply chain improvements to standardize skin care supplies and continuous staff education in a "bundle" of best practices known to have an impact on pressure ulcer prevention.  Documentation of risk assessments and interventions as well as detailed wound assessment is now incorporated into our computer documentation system.  We've developed a "Pressure Ulcer Prevention Nursing Order Set" to standardize our interventions to meet individual patient needs.
Implementation of interventions for at-risk patients has been the cornerstone of our improvement efforts.  We used grant funds to purchase turning wedges which have been a great success and our bed replacement project provides every patient with pressure-redistribution.
  

Mentor designation - 1/18/08
Information updated - 7/15/11

  

 

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