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Error Proofing:
Use Reminders

Many errors are made by forgetting to do something. Reminders are aids for remembering. They can come in many different forms. A reminder can be a written notice or a phone call, a checklist of things to accomplish, an alarm such as on a clock, a standard form, or the documented steps to follow for a process. Reminders are simple to develop but probably the least effective way to error proof. Although they do make information available in the external world, reminders can still be over looked or ignored. For example, a standard process can be defined but people may have trouble breaking old habits or might chose not to refer to the flow diagram or other documentation.




Examples of Tests of this Change

In one hospital, orders for medications for patients were written by doctors. Information was transferred to the pharmacy computer, and then to a medication administration form for use by the nurses. Medications were sometimes not administered to patients who needed them, either because the orders were entered wrong on one of the two entries, or because the nurses forgot to give the medicines that were listed correctly. The opportunities for errors were reduced by having doctors enter orders for medications in the computer using a terminal on the patient units. This information was then available to pharmacists and nurses. Also, the medication administration form was redesigned. It previously contained information on medications, such as "take three times a day for four days." The redesigned form displayed a timeline that had the specific medications that were to be given at each hour of the day. This served as a reminder to the nurses. Most of the omission errors were eliminated by these two changes.


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