Many systems are designed so that tasks are done in series or a linear sequence. The second task is not begun until the first task is completed. This is especially true when different groups in the organization are involved in the different steps of a process. Sometimes improvements in time and costs can be gained from designing the system to do some or all tasks in parallel. For example, the work on step 5 can begin as soon as step 1 is complete, rather than wait until steps 2, 3, and 4 are done.