Vargas RB, Mangione CM, Asch S, et al. Can a chronic care model collaborative reduce heart disease risk in patients with diabetes? Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2007 Feb;22(2):215-222.

This study examined the impact of participation in a collaborative implementing the Chronic Care Model (CCM) on the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with diabetes. Over a one-year interval, this collaborative intervention using the CCM lowered the cardiovascular disease risk factors of patients with diabetes who were cared for in the participating organization's settings.

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Kaissi AA, Parchman M. Assessing chronic illness care for diabetes in primary care clinics. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 2006;32(4):318-323.

This article describes a study conducted to assess the quality of diabetes care in 20 primary care clinics. The study examines the relationship between the degree of implementation of the Chronic Illness Care Model dimensions and quality of care process measures.

Institute for Healthcare Improvement
Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Institute for Healthcare Improvement in partnership with the Bureau of Primary Healthcare; 2002

IHI, with support from the Bureau of Primary Health Care (BPHC), has developed training manuals to help health centers improve care for their patients with chronic illness. The manuals include key changes and measures for improving care, along with tips, tools, and other resources to assist organizations in this work. Click on the link below to view a free PDF version of the Diabetes Training Manual.

Daniel DM, Norman J, Davis C, et al. Case studies from two collaboratives on diabetes in Washington State. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Safety. 2004;30:103-108.

Article in which two teams, one rural one urban, were able to improve outcomes for patients with Diabetes within Washington State.

Chin MH, Cook S, Drum ML, et al. Improving diabetes care in Midwest community health centers with the Health Disparities Collaborative. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2-8.

This article evaluates the US Bureau of Primary Health Care's Diabetes Health Disparities Collaborative to reduce health disparities and improve diabetes care in 19 Midwestern health centers. The report concludes that this initiative "has led to significant improvement in diabetes care in one year as assessed through chart review." The specific improvement methodology, interventions, and results are discussed.

Copyright 2004 American Diabetes Association
Reprinted with permission from The American Diabetes Association.

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Canga N, De Irala J, Vara E, Duaso MJ, Ferrer A, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Intervention study for smoking cessation in diabetic patients: A randomized controlled trial in both clinical and primary care settings. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(10):1455-1460.

This article reports that a structured intervention managed by a single nurse was shown to be effective in changing the smoking behavior of diabetic patients.

Wagner EH, Sandhu N, Newton KM, McCulloch DK, Ramsey SD, Grothaus LC. Effect of improved glycemic control on health care costs and utilization. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001;285(2):182-189.

The data from this study suggest that a sustained reduction in HbA1c level among adult diabetic patients is associated with significant cost savings within 1 to 2 years of improvement.

Leatherman S, Berwick D, Iles D, et al. The business case for quality: Case studies and an analysis. Health Affairs. 2003;22(2):17-30.

This article examine four cases — management of high-cost pharmaceuticals, diabetes management, smoking cessation, and wellness programs in the workplace — to understand the financial and clinical implications of improving care.

Norris SL, Nichols PJ, Caspersen CJ, et al. Increasing diabetes self-management education in community settings. A systematic review. American Journal of Preventitive Medicine. 2002;22(4 Suppl):39-66.

This report presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness and economic efficiency of self-management education interventions for people with diabetes.

Anderson RM, Funnell MM, Butler PM, Arnold MS, Fitzgerald JT, Feste CC. Patient empowerment: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:943-949.

This wait-listed trial of empowerment techniques for patients with diabetes demonstrated improved self-efficacy and blood glucose control favoring the intervention.